#: locale=en ## Tour ### Description tour.description = 4th Grade student virtual tour of the Castillo de San Marcos in St. Augustine, Florida. ### Title tour.name = Castillo de San Marcos 4th Grade Tour ## Skin ### Multiline Text HTMLText_00F834DF_B392_F95D_41D3_0E12AD9756B6.html =
Photo Credit: National Park Service





U.S. Coast Guardsmen marching across the Castillo’s drawbridge.
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Photo Credit: Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida


Father Francisco López de Mendoza Grajales: priest, missionary to the native people.
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Photo Credit: Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida


Martín de Arguelles: Spaniard, Soldier, associate of Pedro Menéndez, father to the first Spanish child born in Florida, tavern owner.
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Photo Credit: Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida


St. Augustine’s population in 1763 illustrates a very diverse community of people of different races, ethnicities, and languages.




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Photo Credit: Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida


The farming, hunting and fishing activities of the Timucua often produced a surplus, which was stored in community granaries. Here a group of Timucuans travel by dugout canoe to store food.
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Castillo Coat of Arms



The Spanish Coat of Arms at the Castillo de San Marcos, St. Augustine, Florida. Presiding over the sally port controlled entrance to the fortification, the coat of arms has been impacted by surface degradation and loss of carved detail since its early documentation. The carved elements and dedicatory inscription below are heavily spalled, cracked, and weathered. The castles and lions depicted represent Castile and León - the two main kingdoms that merged to create modern Spain. This 3D model was made using the Artec Leo structured light full color scanner with 100 micron and zoom adjustable resolution for high detail. Having a digital surrugate allows for rapid prototyping and modeling and can assist managers with conservation, condition assessment, and restoration measures. Shown as a backdrop to the model is a condition photo taken in 1957 and serves as a baseline for deterioration monitoring along with our 3D model.
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Photo Credit: Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida


Maria Magdalena Chrisistomo-Balthazar: Her mother was a Timucua Indian, her father was a Caribali enslaved African, and she was born free. She married three times: first to a native husband, then to a multiracial husband, then a white husband.
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Photo Credit: Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida


Juana de Herrero: Native woman, Spanish soldier’s wife, Catholic.
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Discussion Questions to Conclude 4th Grade Virtual Field Trip:


• Why do you think St. Augustine was, and still is, significant?
• How important are primary sources, like Castillo de San Marcos, when it comes to learning about the past?
• In your opinion, does the fort symbolize human determination, conquest, conflict between nations, ingenuity, or cultural diversity? Justify your answer.
• What does the fort represent to you? Why?
• Why do you think the fort should be preserved?
• As a citizen, what are your duties or responsibilities at the Castillo or in other national parks?
*Educators: Access a DBQ Essay: Effects of Spanish Rule
https://www.nps.gov/teachers/classrooms/dbq-essay.htm.
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Photo Credit: National Park Service


As time went on, the fort was used for recreation. During the tourism of the Flagler Era, the first golf course in Florida was built on the fort’s lawn. Today, Castillo de San Marcos and Fort Matanzas National Monuments receive over one million annual visitors.
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Photo Credit: National Parks Service


The U.S. Army imprisoned Seminoles in 1837, Plains Indians (Cheyenne, Kiowa, Comanche, Arapaho, and Caddo Tribes) in 1875-1878, and Apaches in 1886-1887 at Fort Marion. This photograph is of the Kiowa prisoners inside the fort.



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Well at Castillo de San Marcos



There were historically three shallow wells in the Plaza de Armas at the Castillo de San Marcos that provided water for the garrison. One of these wells still exists, today, and although covered over, was 3D scanned and documented as part of our survey of the fortification. Fresh water still can be found in the well today.
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Photo Credit: Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida


Francisco Ponce de León: Son of the Sergeant major, orphan, young soldier.
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Photo Credit: Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida


Juan Triay: Menorcan refugee and farmer, husband, father.
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Photo Credit: Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida


Benedita Usina: Menorcan refugee, farmer’s wife.
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Photo Credit: Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida


Thomas Browne: British Loyalist Ranger during the American Revolution.
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Photo Credit: University of South Florida Digital Heritage and Humanities Collection


Located 14 miles south, Fort Matanzas National Monument was built in 1740-1742 to protect the southern entrance to St. Augustine.



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Photo Credit: Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida



Francisco Menéndez: African soldier, enslaved person, free person, privateer and leader, Captain of the Mose militia.



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Well at Castillo de San Marcos



There were historically three shallow wells in the Plaza de Armas at the Castillo de San Marcos that provided water for the garrison. One of these wells still exists, today, and although covered over, was 3D scanned and documented as part of our survey of the fortification. Fresh water still can be found in the well today.
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Well at Castillo de San Marcos



There were historically three shallow wells in the Plaza de Armas at the Castillo de San Marcos that provided water for the garrison. One of these wells still exists, today, and although covered over, was 3D scanned and documented as part of our survey of the fortification. Fresh water still can be found in the well today.
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Well at Castillo de San Marcos



There were historically three shallow wells in the Plaza de Armas at the Castillo de San Marcos that provided water for the garrison. One of these wells still exists, today, and although covered over, was 3D scanned and documented as part of our survey of the fortification. Fresh water still can be found in the well today.
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Well at Castillo de San Marcos



There were historically three shallow wells in the Plaza de Armas at the Castillo de San Marcos that provided water for the garrison. One of these wells still exists, today, and although covered over, was 3D scanned and documented as part of our survey of the fortification. Fresh water still can be found in the well today.
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Hot Shot Furnace



The hot shot furnace is part of a water battery, built between 1835 and 1844, located on the east side of the Castillo de San Marcos National Monument in St. Augustine, Florida. This furnace would have been stoked by a team of soldiers preparing cannonballs as “hot shot” that would be used to fire at incoming wooden ships. The shot was ready after about 30 minutes of heating in a coal bed. Metal tongs were required to remove the shot and prepare it for firing from the cannon and artillery stationed nearby along the fort’s seawall.
Although not a technique that was battle proven at the Castillo, soldiers did routinely drill for the possibility of using hotshot to fend off invaders. This technology went out of vogue with ironclad ships came into use and made these type of furnaces obsolete. ackground image courtesy National Park Service, c. 1939 from the publication: Hot Shot Furnaces pg. 6. .
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Discussion Questions:



• Why is the fort considered an artifact?
• How is this artifact similar to or different from others you have seen?
• Who do you think would have built and used the fort? Why? How?
• What does it tell you about the way they lived, acted, thought, traveled, etc.?
• Do you think the fort was important to the owners? Why?




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Photo Credit: Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida


Not all artifacts are big and above ground like the Castillo. These small beads were among the first items brought by Menéndez as gifts for the Florida Native Americans. These artifacts were excavated about a mile north at the Menéndez camp site. Nearby was the location of first Spanish ships landing, Catholic mass, and fort (1565).


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Photo Credit: University of South Florida Digital Heritage and Humanities Collection


• 200 Seminoles, including Osceola, were captured by the U.S. and held prisoner here.
• 20 escaped, and to this day, we do not have all the details about that escape.
• Coacoochee (in English: Wild Cat), said the prisoners fasted, lost weight, and escaped through a window.
• Seminoles are known as, “the unconquered people,” because they never signed a treaty with the U.S. government.
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Photo Credit: Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida


The sixth fort, San Juan de Pinillo, drawn by Baptiste Bozaio and destroyed by Francis Drake in 1586.
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Estefanía de Cigarroa:
Teenage pirate victim of Searles’ raid
Photo Credit: Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida


Robert Searles was an English pirate who launched a raid on the city of St. Augustine in 1668. He stole silver and other valuable goods, held for ransom the daughters of wealthy families, and carried off black and native residents to sell as slaves. The attack led to the construction of Castillo de San Marcos.


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Photo Credit: Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida


The Timucua, tired of the Spaniards in their community, fired flaming arrows at the first fort in 1566. The fact that the fort was originally a Timucua structure made this attack especially successful.





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Photo Credit: National Parks Service


Illustration of Spaniards, native people (Timucua, Apalache, Guale), free and enslaved Africans, and European prisoners building the Castillo de San Marcos, 1672-1695.



### Label Label_419F57A2_7F1F_7AC3_41CA_CFE7F45101B9.text = (Click for answer) ### Tooltip IconButton_153F5980_7D9B_FEAF_41B4_149929EE4FAF.toolTip = Share to Twitter IconButton_15BC8A36_7D9B_1DD3_41D3_909F2FDE8034.toolTip = Share to Facebook IconButton_167BB94C_7D99_1FB7_41D7_43CA9DB4B490.toolTip = Fullscreen IconButton_17F2476A_7D9B_7273_41A9_801F8AC93C6E.toolTip = View in VR IconButton_29E30258_1B76_69EF_414E_2E036221CA68.toolTip = Next Tour Stop IconButton_29E31258_1B76_69EF_413B_4FB29C9F0240.toolTip = Previous Stop IconButton_AE1AC41C_EE47_13E7_4192_7FB3BE15F165.toolTip = Open/Close Map IconButton_CA220F45_DD3A_972F_41BB_66629D504DAA.toolTip = Audio On/Off ## Media ### Subtitle panorama_14E3FE3E_0D6F_3D5E_4186_2032BF6A0CBB.subtitle = Standing in the Water Battery portion of the moat on a grass and dirt pathway, you are facing west while looking at the Castillo’s east exterior wall. \ \ From this location you are looking up towards the top of the fort wall. In each corner, diamond shaped walls stick out towards you. These are the fort’s bastions. The bastions, as well as the rest of the fort’s thick walls, are made of gray-colored blocks of shell stone. The foundation is wider at the base, angling slightly inward up to about 25 feet, then continuing straight up from there. In total, the wall is approximately 33 feet tall. \ \ Between you and the fort is a small stone structure covered with dirty white plaster. A chimney of about 4 feet sticks out from the top of this small structure. The structure was used to heat iron cannon balls in the 1840s. \ \ To the left, sticking up from the southeast corner of the fort is a 15 foot cylindrically-shaped structure with a dome on the top. This juts out from the corner of the fort by about 3 feet and stick up above the fort walls about 7 feet. \ \ To the right, at the northeast corner of the fort, a cylindrically shaped bell tower with a domed top sticks up. The tower is 37 feet tall, with an arched window at 15 feet. panorama_6A17DCF5_72CF_BBF0_41DC_9066566E43A3.subtitle = Standing at the top of a grassy sloping hill on a sidewalk, on the south side of the fort, you are facing north while looking at the Castillo de San Marcos exterior. \ \ Beyond the sidewalk are two wayside exhibit panels. Directly in front of the exhibit panels and down 4 feet is the grass and dirt covered way. Set on a concrete pad is a 3-foot high pedestal sign that reads “Keep off the moat stairs.” \ \ Beyond that pathway is another drop of about 10 feet into the dry moat. The view of the fort’s outer wall with long, jagged vertical cracks in the light grey and white façade. Directly below the top of the wall are small drain pipes (scuppers) that drain water from the gun deck. The wall below the scuppers is eroded and discolored to a shade of brown. \ \ The fort’s thick walls are made of blocks of shell stone. The foundation is wider at the base, angling slightly inward up to about 25 feet, then continuing straight up from there. In total, the north wall is approximately 33 feet tall. \ \ Sticking up from the southwest corner of the fort is a 15 foot cylindrically-shaped structure with a dome on the top. This juts out from the corner of the fort by about 3 feet and stick up above the fort about 7 feet. \ \ Along the fort’s south wall, multiple cannon position openings are visible in the upper wall of the fort. \ \ panorama_97C5A102_98C9_EC1E_41D4_34719D13DC8D.subtitle = The Sea Wall is located along the St. Augustine Bayfront on the east side of the Castillo. The Sea Wall is 730 feet in length and 12 feet wide, creating a wall between the fort and the sea. The moat is between the wall and the Castillo. \ \ The Sea Wall provides a view of the Bayfront, the parking area, the historic city, the bridge, and the east side of the Castillo. \ \ If you walk north along the wall, about 200 feet from the welcome plaza area, the moat, a line of iron cannons, and the U.S. Army-built Hot Shot Furnace can be seen. \ \ The wall can be accessed from several locations along the Bayfront sidewalk. For most visitors, the Sea Wall is accessed from the walkway at the southeast corner of the Castillo, to the east of the fee booth. At the southeast corner of the wall, is an entry point with three steps upto the top of the wall. Caution should be exercised as the height increases from three feet to five feet as you walk onto the wall from this point. The surface of the wall is very uneven and can crumble. It slopes slightly downward to the east, towards the water. The wall does not have any safety rails and if you venture beyond the twelve feet on either side,you may fall into the water. panorama_A33655FF_EF3D_5C13_41DD_C68639EFE78C.subtitle = The Plaza de Armas courtyard is accessed through the Sally Port room. \ \ The courtyard is a 100 foot square open area. The wall around the courtyard is about 40 feet tall. In the center of the courtyard is a 75 foot square grass lawn, that may be cordoned off by a rope, suspended from metal posts, about three feet high. A stone walkway surrounds the lawn. Most rooms in the lower level of the Castillo can be accessed from this courtyard. Thresholds into the rooms varyin style. Two steps to enter,and the rest are flush with the walkway. Most rooms have a barred window above the entrance and on either side. \ \ This audio description is of the view as if you have you walked about 10 feet out into the courtyard. The features, from left to right, include The Flag Room is slightly behind you, at 8 o’clock. \ \ A well is at 9 o’clock in the west corner of the courtyard. It has an 8 foot diameter circular cement wall that rises 2 feet high. It is covered with a circular planked wooden top. \ \ Along the left, or west,wall of the courtyard are: \ Casement 4, The Supply room, The Siege room, Two rooms with doors closed to the public, and The Theater. \ \ Straight ahead, along the far, or north,wall are: \ The British Room, The Second Spanish Room, At 12 o’clock The Chapel; which has a stone framed arched entrance, with finials at each corner, The American Indian Room Room 16, and The Treasury Room. \ \ There is a cannon on display at the northeast corner of the grassy area roped off with cable, strung between metal posts. Along the right, or east,wall are: Two rooms with doors closed to the public,The Artillery Complex,Two rooms with doors closed to the public,and The Restrooms. \ \ To your right, on the wall behind you, at 4 o’clock, is a staircase leading up to the Gundeck, on top of the Castillo. panorama_C2D91DB9_E513_2C1F_41D3_23151D0F1F42.subtitle = Standing at the bottom of a grassy gentle sloping hill on the north side of the fort, you are facing south while looking at the Castillo de San Marcos exterior. \ \ Beyond the sloping hill out of view is a sharp drop of abut 5 feet into a pathway. Beyond that pathway is another drop of about 10 feet into the dry moat. \ \ The Castillo foundation is shaped like a square with diamond shaped corners. (the video describes it as a “star”) The fort’s thick walls are made of blocks of shell stone. The foundation is wider at the base, angling slightly inward up to about 25 feet, then continuing straight up from there. In total, the north wall is approximately 33 feet tall. \ \ Sticking up from the northwest corner of the fort is a 15 foot cylindrically-shaped structure with a dome on the top. This juts out from the corner of the fort by about 3 feet and stick up above the fort about 7 feet. \ \ At the northeast corner of the fort, a cylindrically shaped bell tower with a domed top sticks up. The tower is 37 feet tall, with an arched window at 15 feet. \ \ Along the north wall, multiple empty cannon position openings are visible in the upper wall of the fort. panorama_C3807212_E575_57ED_41D5_872F175CEFD1.subtitle = The Welcome Plaza is just southeast ofthe Castillo,near the end of the walkway from the parking lot. This Audio Description is from the walkway facing the southside of the Castillo. \ \ The plaza area is paved with some uneven concrete surfaces. \ \ The Bay is to the right, on the east side of the plaza. The walkway from the parking lot divides. One path continues straight into the plaza; the other turns right for 25 feet, to a 2 to 5 foot high seawall that runs along the water. \ \ If standing at this branch in the path, facing the Castillo, the fee booth, is at 1:00. That is where site fees are paid. An additional AD is available for the fee booth. \ \ To the left, at 9 o’clock, is an exhibit, in English and Spanish, and immediately to the right is the fee booth. The plaza has posts with rope running between them that curves north leading all the way to the drawbridge where you can enter the fort. For those with limited vision, following this rope may provide your safest route to the entrance. \ \ Straight ahead, just past the fee booth, the southeast corner of Castillo is directly ahead. A 15-foot deep moat, or ditch, surrounds the entire Castillo. There are no railings or barriers, so extreme caution is advised near the moat. At the edge of the moat is a paved area with three long wooden benches. \ \ The entrance to the Castillo is at 11 o’clock. There are stone walls that flank the entry. Park personnel will check your entry ticket there. Enter the Castillo by crossing over the small wooden drawbridge and through the covered walkway. \ panorama_C39C4F88_E517_2CFD_41DC_0DB08F53D82E.subtitle = Standing in the Covered Way, a grass and dirt pathway, you are facing east while looking at the Castillo’s west exterior wall. \ \ In front of the pathway is drop of about 10 feet into the dry moat. The view of the fort’s outer wall shows the fort’s thick walls made of gray-colored blocks of shell stone. The foundation is wider at the base, angling slightly inward up to about 25 feet, then continuing straight up from there. In total, the wall is approximately 33 feet tall. \ \ Directly below the top of the wall, multiple cannon position openings are visible in the upper wall of the fort. Approximately 6 feet down from the top of the wall are seven skinny windows, evenly spaced across the east wall. These windows are approximately 7 feet tall by 3 feet wide. \ \ Sticking up from the northwest and southwest corners of the fort are 15 foot cylindrically-shaped structures with a dome on the top. These jut out from the corner of the fort by about 3 feet and stick up above the fort walls about 7 feet. \ panorama_C896B7E8_E515_3C3D_41D3_E6C8D23872C1.subtitle = The Chapel is accessed from either the Second Spanish Room or the American Indian room. This room’s exhibits,in English and Spanish, describe religion at the Castillo.This room is described as if entering from the Second Spanish room. \ \ The courtyard entrance has a wooden door that forms an arch and opens inward to the room. That door remains closed. Above the door is a window. \ \ The room is about 20 feet wide and 30 feet long, with an arched ceiling about 17 feet high. In the center of the back wall, a 5 foot tall arched niche is recessed about one foot into the wall. A narrow four foot ledge runs the length of the back wall with a five foot long, 4 foot section in the center. All ledges have a wooden top and trim.The altar has 4 images of the chapel during different time periods. \ \ The entrance to the American Indian room is on the east wall. \ \ Standing at the Second Spanish Room entrance to the room, the description, moving from left to right, includes: \ \ Religion at the Castillo Exhibit- \ An illustration of a religious service with soldiers attending. Illustrations of the chapel. Text explains that this chapel was the scene of daily worship. Religion guided all aspects of colonial life. Roman Catholic Christianity was the common faith throughout the Spanish empire. \ \ López De Mendoza Grajales.-1530 –1590. Text explains, in 1565, FatherLópez De Mendoza Grajales celebrated the first mass in St. Augustine that would become the United States’ oldest parish. The portrait shows an older priest standing behind a wooden table wearing a gray robe. He is partially bald, with a tidy, thin circle of hair around the bare crown of his head. The robe is long sleeved with a simple knotted white rope at the waist. He holds an embossed black book. A skull rests next to his arm on the table. \ \ What do the Walls Tell Us? Exhibit- \ A vertical glass panel protects an ornate arch inset in the wall. Below, a photo shows holes in the stone wall. The text explains that Catholics dip their fingers in Holy Water and make the sign of the cross before worship and prayer in the Castillo’s chapel. \ \ On the south wall of the Chapel is a closed, inaccessible door to the courtyard. \ \ What do the Walls Tell Us? Exhibit- \ A vertical glass panel protects an ornate arch inset in the wall. Below, a photo of two men outside a wooden doorway with an arched top. The text explains that behind the glass are the remains of a plastered holy water font. \ \ \ \ \ \ panorama_CB89852C_E515_7C34_41B4_B29550EDA434.subtitle = The British Room is accessed from the courtyard or the Second Spanish Period room.This room shows how British soldiers remodeled the Castillo’s rooms during their occupation.This room is described based on entering from the courtyard. \ \ A wooden door opens into the room. Above the door is a barred window with a wooden shutter that opens inward. Barred windows are on either side of the door. \ \ The room is about 20 feet wide and 30 feet long. A flat, wooden beamed loft is at a 10 foot height,the 17-foot arched ceiling is visible above the wooden second floor as you stand just inside the doorway. Wooden stairs along the back wall lead up to a loft. On the right is an entrance to the Second Spanish Room. \ \ Standing at the entrance to the room, moving from left to right, the exhibits, in English and Spanish, include: \ \ Inside a Casemate Exhibit: \ A bronze tactile model shows a cross section of how this casemate would have looked during the British Period. \ \ Sir Frederick Haldimand: \ 1718 –1791.Text explains that a Swiss mercenary hired to fight for England became a colonel, and eventually, a knight. Haldimand was posted here from 1769 to 1770. In an illustration, he wears a black triangular hat with jaw length gray hair. He has thick black eyebrows, brown eyes,and a broad nose. He is wearing a red jacket with blue trim with a silver epaulet on the right shoulder. He wears a white vest with silver buttons and tan breeches. His white ruffled shirt has a black collar. Around his neck, he wears a flat, silver medallion,with an engraving of a coat of arms. Two inches of ruffled white lace shows at his wrists. A red sash is tied at his waist. He wears knee high black boots. He holds a silver sword with a gold tassel on the hilt. \ \ The living area is roped off. On the left, is a table with a checkers game and goblets. At the far right corner is a white wood bunk bed,with uniforms hanging on pegs. Nearby, there is a gray desk with a flip-down top, and a gray chair. Next to it, on a gray wooden stand,is a metal tub,with a rag hanging over the edge. \ \ Close Quarters Exhibit: \ The text explains that multiple bunk beds occupied each room. Four soldiers would have slept on a bunk bed. Two on each bunk of the bed. \ \ Great Britain Takes Control Exhibit: \ A photo shows re-enactors in this room, wearing red coat uniforms, with black triangular hats.An illustration shows a man in the same attire. A historic map of St. Augustine. A portrait of an older man, in a uniform with many badges and epaulets. The text explains that Great Britain takes over the Castillo in 1763. Within a few years, the Revolutionary War led the British to strengthen the fort’s defenses. panorama_CED5D8F6_E533_5415_41E6_FA120A356778.subtitle = If seen from a bird’s eye view, above the fort, the Castillo is square in shape, with four diamond-shaped structures extending from each corner. These structures, called bastions, are connected to each other by a surface called a gundeck. The entrance to the gundeck is from the top of the courtyard staircase. \ \ The gundeck continues around the top level of the Castillo in a square shape. The deck is 22 feet wide. The wall that overlooks the central courtyard is two feet high, with no railings, so extreme caution is required. The walls that wrap around the bastions vary in height from two to 5 feet.There are occasionally cut out sections in the bastion walls. \ \ The gun deck offers a 360 degree view from the Castillo.To the east is the modern St. Augustine Bayfront, to the south is the historic city of Saint Augustine, to the west is more of that historic city,and to the north is the fort green, a grassy lawn. \ \ The outer wall of the gun deck has a few raised wooden platforms, about 10 inches tall and up to 6 feet wide, that extend about 18 feet out into the deck,from the outer wall. Some platforms are in the center of the gun deck walkway to provide visitors a view of the cannons used at the fort. There are multiple cannons on display, some are cast iron and some are bronze. panorama_CF2B1FCB_E52D_6C73_41EB_041703E5BDD9.subtitle = The Flag Room can be accessed from the courtyard. \ \ The room is about 20 feet wide and 30 feet long, with an arched ceiling about 17 feet high. The walls are built from rough shell stone blocks and mortar, are covered with smooth plaster. The room has several exhibits, in English and Spanish. \ \ There is a closed doorway on the west wall at 11 o’clock. At 1 o’clock there is a 4 foot by 7 foot doorway to additional fort interpretive exhibits. \ \ If standing at the entrance to theroom, the description, moving from left to right, includes: \ \ On the left wall, a Flag Room Timeline Exhibit showing key events, dating from 1500 to today. A separate audio description is available for this exhibit.On the far end of the wall is a locked door. \ \ On the right wall is a tactile exhibit titled, Fort City. A hand-drawn map of St. Augustine and the fort. Text explains that Spanish engineer Mariano de la Rocque created a 1788 map of St. Augustine. This map has helped researchers study the city’s layout and structures, including the fort. A tactile bronze model representing the fort sits on top of a four foot high base. The right and left sides of the exhibit have tactile keys of the tactile parts of the model and text and braille describing those parts.Below the model, on the front of the base is a wooden white square lattice pattern similar to the door in the Sally Port space. \ \ To the right of the model is another exhibit, titled, Enduring Monument, 1672-present. A historic black and white photograph shows a bird’s eye view of the fort in the early 20th century. Text explains that the Castillo de San Marcos is North America’s oldest masonry fortification. Spanish Floridians began the fortress in 1672, more than 100 years before the United States became a country. A computer rendering shows a room of the Castillo, filled with muskets. Text explains that this room may have been an arsenal for storing muskets and other handheld weapons. A photo of a historic hand written document that describes the Spanish governor digging the first trench for the Castillo. A photograph of a ranger talking with visitors. The text explains that the National Park Service preserves and interprets Castillo de San Marcos as a national monument. ### Title map_D21420FE_F09C_BFC4_41D9_9FD4317829D0.label = Castillo de San Marcos panorama_14E3FE3E_0D6F_3D5E_4186_2032BF6A0CBB.label = East Exterior panorama_6A17DCF5_72CF_BBF0_41DC_9066566E43A3.label = Southwest Exterior panorama_97C5A102_98C9_EC1E_41D4_34719D13DC8D.label = Southeast Exterior panorama_A33655FF_EF3D_5C13_41DD_C68639EFE78C.label = Courtyard panorama_C2D91DB9_E513_2C1F_41D3_23151D0F1F42.label = North Exterior panorama_C3807212_E575_57ED_41D5_872F175CEFD1.label = Ticket Booth panorama_C39C4F88_E517_2CFD_41DC_0DB08F53D82E.label = West Exterior panorama_C896B7E8_E515_3C3D_41D3_E6C8D23872C1.label = Chapel panorama_CB89852C_E515_7C34_41B4_B29550EDA434.label = British Room panorama_CED5D8F6_E533_5415_41E6_FA120A356778.label = Gun Deck panorama_CF2B1FCB_E52D_6C73_41EB_041703E5BDD9.label = Flag Room photo_D757306E_F09D_BEC7_41B8_0A96C323E2AD.label = FortExportRBG video_30309466_1AFE_29A2_4181_864D485BFCC9.label = NPS-CASA-LONG-INTRO-480p-MP4 ## Popup ### Body htmlText_86AAFFD5_C1CB_C2C9_41D8_BE949D9E261D.html =
Discussion Questions to Conclude 4th Grade Virtual Field Trip:
• Why do you think St. Augustine was, and still is, significant?
• How important are primary sources, like Castillo de San Marcos, when it comes to learning about the past?
• In your opinion, does the fort symbolize human determination, conquest, conflict between nations, ingenuity, or cultural diversity? Justify your answer.
• Why do you think the fort should be preserved?
• As a citizen, what are your duties or responsibilities at the Castillo or in other national parks?
*Educators: Access a DBQ Essay: Effects of Spanish Rule at https://www.nps.gov/teachers/classrooms/dbq-essay.htm.
Photo Credit: University of South Florida Digital Heritage and Humanities Collection
htmlText_86B72FCE_C1CB_C2DB_41DE_5A07B2F44B6D.html =
Discussion Questions to Conclude 4th Grade Virtual Field Trip:
• Why do you think St. Augustine was, and still is, significant?
• How important are primary sources, like Castillo de San Marcos, when it comes to learning about the past?
• In your opinion, does the fort symbolize human determination, conquest, conflict between nations, ingenuity, or cultural diversity? Justify your answer.
• Why do you think the fort should be preserved?
• As a citizen, what are your duties or responsibilities at the Castillo or in other national parks?
*Educators: Access a DBQ Essay: Effects of Spanish Rule at https://www.nps.gov/teachers/classrooms/dbq-essay.htm.
Photo Credit: University of South Florida Digital Heritage and Humanities Collection
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