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imlevel_5EB6EA70_4F1C_9C74_41C2_B6E36F797FB4.url = media/popup_7B99A8B7_2242_7735_41C3_395C34606AF5_en_0_3.jpg imlevel_5EB6EA70_4F1C_9C74_41C2_B6E36F797FB4.url = media/popup_7B99A8B7_2242_7735_41C3_395C34606AF5_en_0_3.jpg ### Popup Image ### Subtitle panorama_F1FDA1C4_E4BD_7F6D_41E0_A4154375B07C.subtitle = The small oven -like structure is a hot shot furnace, used to heat cannonballs red-hot to be fired at wooden ships. panorama_F1FEB459_E4BC_A567_41E4_577C9D19F3BB.subtitle = The small oven -like structure is a hot shot furnace, used to heat cannonballs red-hot to be fired at wooden ships. panorama_F1FFD7DB_E4BC_E31A_41DC_D54F68D81C48.subtitle = The small oven -like structure is a hot shot furnace, used to heat cannonballs red-hot to be fired at wooden ships. Click the sign ahead to find out more information. panorama_F204D580_E4B3_67E5_41BB_0B118DFAFD15.subtitle = After Spain ceded Florida to the United States in 1821, the Castillo was renamed Fort Marion and remained a defensive post. The Americans brought the fort’s defenses up to date by thickening the seawall, filling in this section of the moat, and building granite and iron semi-circular gun platforms. panorama_F1F01D68_E4BD_A725_41D9_9AF9FCD157FE.subtitle = Here at the Castillo you will see three types of artillery: mortars, howitzers, and cannons. Click on the sign ahead for in-depth information about each type of artillery. panorama_F1F9D086_E4B4_BDD8_41D4_ED12C698A616.subtitle = The Castillo’s two drawbridges, one at the ravelin and one at the sally port, secured the fort’s weakest sections with a system of pulleys, counter-weights, \ and manpower. Once the bridge was up, it acted as the first wooden gate that closed the entrance of the Castillo. panorama_F1FF4F15_E4BF_64E2_41E6_4584209DDBA7.subtitle = The fort’s seawall was thickened and improved in 1840 when the Americans modified the fort. Natural forces have since weakened the historic seawall. panorama_F1FA9B6B_E4B7_A32F_41D5_2539AD2D6091.subtitle = The fort’s seawall was thickened and improved in 1840 when the Americans modified the fort. Natural forces have since weakened the historic seawall. In 2011, the National Park Service created a living seawall to help prevent erosion and maintain a natural habitat for marine life. panorama_ED713B58_E3D7_A32B_41C3_50D95D5BB7E3.subtitle = The fort’s seawall was thickened and improved in 1840 when the Americans modified the fort. Natural forces have since weakened the historic seawall. In 2011, the National Park Service created a living seawall to help prevent erosion and maintain a natural habitat for marine life. panorama_6B2F0660_79FE_613F_41BF_26E4A652AA1C.subtitle = The fort’s seawall was thickened and improved in 1840 when the Americans modified the fort. Natural forces have since weakened the historic seawall. In 2011, the National Park Service created a living seawall to help prevent erosion and maintain a natural habitat for marine life. panorama_6860466D_79C9_E101_41A9_6BE6AD79A4BF.subtitle = The fort’s seawall was thickened and improved in 1840 when the Americans modified the fort. Natural forces have since weakened the historic seawall. In 2011, the National Park Service created a living seawall to help prevent erosion and maintain a natural habitat for marine life. panorama_7609A446_79D9_A103_416A_3FEA0800CCD0.subtitle = The fort’s seawall was thickened and improved in 1840 when the Americans modified the fort. Natural forces have since weakened the historic seawall. In 2011, the National Park Service created a living seawall to help prevent erosion and maintain a natural habitat for marine life. panorama_683145F3_79CA_6301_41AD_F3E582986BA4.subtitle = The fort’s seawall was thickened and improved in 1840 when the Americans modified the fort. Natural forces have since weakened the historic seawall. In 2011, the National Park Service created a living seawall to help prevent erosion and maintain a natural habitat for marine life. panorama_F1FCF940_E4BC_AF64_41C8_D6896E3C7174.subtitle = This small oven -like structure is a hot shot furnace, used to heat cannonballs red-hot to be fired at wooden ships. panorama_F1F91E61_E4B5_6558_41C2_B9C409C5B146.subtitle = This wide, dry ditch made the Castillo less vulnerable to infantry attacks. Combined with other defenses the moat protected the fort's lower walls from cannon fire. The uncovered expanse also exposed would-be attackers to soldiers firing from the fort's gun deck. panorama_F1FAF470_E4B7_A539_41D8_55B62A92B3B6.subtitle = This wide, dry ditch made the Castillo less vulnerable to infantry attacks. Combined with other defenses the moat protected the fort's lower walls from cannon fire. 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Castillo
de San Marcos
Historic Seawall



This is a portion of the historic seawall at the Castillo de San Marcos (aka Fort Marion). The view is to show the seawall that fronts the fortification, with the model shown as a plan view section. The full height of the fort is not shown in this section, with the fort wall provided to show location in relation to the seawall and water battery locations.
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Hot Shot Furnace


The hot shot furnace is part of a water battery, built between 1835 and 1844, located on the east side of the Castillo de San Marcos National Monument in St. Augustine, Florida. This furnace would have been stoked by a team of soldiers preparing cannonballs as “hot shot” that would be used to fire at incoming wooden ships. The shot was ready after about 30 minutes of heating in a coal bed. Metal tongs were required to remove the shot and prepare it for firing from the cannon and artillery stationed nearby along the fort’s seawall.


Although not a technique that was battle proven at the Castillo, soldiers did routinely drill for the possibility of using hotshot to fend off invaders. This technology went out of vogue when ironclad ships came into use and made these type of furnaces obsolete. Background image is courtesy National Park Service, c. 1939 from the publication: Hot Shot Furnaces (pg. 6).
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Links and Resources




University of South Florida Libraries Digital Heritage and Humanities Collections


USF DHHC Sketchfab Models


National Parks Service Castillo de San Marcos Official Website


Stereoscopic Imagery - New York Public Library


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Medici Marble Lion


One of a pair of copies of the Carrara marble Medici lions, these lions guard the bridge that connects St. Augustine, Florida to Anastasia Island along historic A1A in Florida. The lions were made by Romanelli Studios in Florence, Italy. Other copies of these lions include the famous ones displayed in the Throne Room of the Royal Palace of Madrid. The Bridge of Lions is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is considered by the National Trust for Historic Preservation (NTHP) fragile, added to the 1997 “11 Most Endangered Sites” list.


The Medici lion statues were copies of the statues at Loggia dei Lanzi in Florence, Italy, and were gifted to the town by resident, Dr. Andrew Anderson, who also built and lived at the National Register historic mansion, Markland House, now owned by Flagler College. In the later years of Anderson’s life, he installed a number of works of art in public places. The lions were his last artwork gift to St. Augustine, and he had smaller versions made for his home.
HTMLText_722F2677_3B7D_6DE8_417C_EEB4226245A6_mobile.html =
Hot Shot Furnace


The hot shot furnace is part of a water battery, built between 1835 and 1844, located on the east side of the Castillo de San Marcos National Monument in St. Augustine, Florida. This furnace would have been stoked by a team of soldiers preparing cannonballs as “hot shot” that would be used to fire at incoming wooden ships. The shot was ready after about 30 minutes of heating in a coal bed. Metal tongs were required to remove the shot and prepare it for firing from the cannon and artillery stationed nearby along the fort’s seawall.


Although not a technique that was battle proven at the Castillo, soldiers did routinely drill for the possibility of using hotshot to fend off invaders. This technology went out of vogue when ironclad ships came into use and made these type of furnaces obsolete. Background image is courtesy National Park Service, c. 1939 from the publication: Hot Shot Furnaces (pg. 6).
HTMLText_504BCC74_7FE0_762C_41D5_D915A6C3A158_mobile.html =
Links and Resources




University of South Florida Libraries Digital Heritage and Humanities Collections


USF DHHC Sketchfab Models


National Parks Service Castillo de San Marcos Official Website


Stereoscopic Imagery - New York Public Library


HTMLText_577DFA72_7FE0_722A_41DE_E12351F351A7_mobile.html =
Spanish Bronze Cannon


Bronze cannon at the Castillo de San Marcos National Monument in St. Augustine, Florida, laser scanned with Artec Spider. This beautifully designed cannon is covered in a rich green patina. Bronze was preferred because it could withstand the stress of firing better than other materials. In coastal Florida, an added benefit is that bronze can withstand dampness and is non-rusting with nearly two times the life expectancy of an iron cannon. Less metal material is required to make a weapon, and bronze could be melted down and recast into a new weapon, as needed. This cannon can be found on display in the courtyear area. the cannon is an 18-pounder bronze weapon from Seville. It dates to 1764, and is named El Milanes (The one from Milan). The piece is on loan to the Castiilo since 1971.
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